Analysis Of Tim O Brien s The Things They Carried Essay

Tj Perry Damian Anderson Josh Bohn English Period 7 12/4/14 Mr. Baxtor (Tj Perry): Host Sergeant Wilson (Damian Anderson): Con John Bender History Teacher (Joshua Bohn):Pro To Ban or not to Ban : The Things They Carried Host: Hello and welcome to ban or not to ban, where the nations most exciting topics are discussed between opposing parties. Today we re debating whether or not to ban â€Å"Tim O Brien s novel The Things They Carried. In this book author Tim O’Brien depicts the Vietnam conflict by distinguishing between the role of whether or not to be a civilian or a soldier. Though the book is fictional, Tim O’Brien portrays himself as a man who struggles with himself inside and his choice of wanting to join the army or turn tail and run to Canada. Tim O Brien has won the national book award, the james fenimore cooper prize for best historical fiction, and the Dayton Literary Peace Prize and many more for his other books, but is The Things They Carried too controversial? This book is controversial because of its use of profanity and its descriptive detail on war and the gore and violence that occurs. Here with us we have Sergeant Wilson who wants the book to be banned because of a common disorder known as PTSD and its effect on war veterans. Opposing him is John Bender local high school history teacher who feels that this book is of extreme literary value because of its stories of Vietnam from a soldiers perspective. Host: These firstShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Tim O Brien s Things They Carried1183 Words   |  5 Pagespoetic qualities such as literary devices, imagery, and theme, and many more. Tim O’Brien’s Things They Carried depicts a fragmented stories about his and other soldiers’ experiences that occurred in the Vietnam War. Similarly, the poem, â€Å"Facing It† shows a soldier who returns to the Memorial of the Vietnam War where he recalls his own trauma in the war as he looks at the stones. Both the prose, Things They Carried and the poem, â€Å"Facing it† conveys the similar theme where they are struggling toRead MoreAnalysis Of Tim O Brien s The Things They Carried Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesXizhao Liu(Amber) American Literature Essay #3 Nov. 11, 2016 Male love in The Things They Carried The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien is a fictional book consisting of different stories from Vietnam war. Tim O’Brien was trying to convey the real perspectives of the war to his readers by telling facts and stories through his personal memories he got from the war, and how things effect them and their life after the war. In order to express the tension in the war, O’Brien depicts the experience ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Tim O Brien s The Things They Carried1097 Words   |  5 Pages The Silent Killer: An Analysis of Imagination Evolving into a Distraction in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried† In Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried†, O’Brien created several allusions that each character endured during the Vietnam War. Throughout the story were vast representations of the things the soldiers carried both mentally and physically. The things they carried symbolized their individual roles internally and externally. In addition to the symbolism, imaginationRead MoreAnalysis Of Tim O Brien s The Things They Carried 1187 Words   |  5 PagesThere were many things the soldiers carried with them during the Vietnam War. They carried guns and ammo, rations and canteens, and things necessary for survival. The soldiers also carried letters, photographs and land of Vietnam itself. Tim O’Brien tells of this in The Things They Carried, a book detailing the lives of the soldiers in Vietnam through the things the men carried with them. Not everything the men carried was physical, however. The soldiers carried ghosts, memories, and burdens. Ever yoneRead MoreAnalysis Of Tim O Brien s The Things They Carried Essay2347 Words   |  10 PagesThe decision to go to war is not a decision that is taken lightly. In Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien faces cultural, social and political push factors that end up leading him to forgo his plan to dodge the draft, and to report as instructed, a mere yards away from his destination of Canada. In Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony, Rocky and Tayo, two young Native American men, experience cultural, social and political pull factors that draw them into the Army, fighting the Second WorldRead MoreAnalysis Of Tim O Brien s The Things They Carried All Experience1859 Words   |  8 PagesYou: Tim O Brien s Methods To Overcome Loss Throughout the 1980s, Dr. Terence M. Keane ran experiments on a new idea called exposure therapy. The case studied how victims of trauma would react to being repeatedly shown places, imagines, and stories that mirrored theirs. In the study was twenty four veterans of the Vietnam War, and at the end of the study, they no longer had reactions classified as severe anxiety. Like the veterans in this case study, soldiers in Tim O Brien s The Things TheyRead MoreAnalysis Of Tim O Brien s The Things They Carried During The War Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I will argue that in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried during the war a person experience develop guilt from an event that happened during the war and how it affects them for life. The three people specifically, I will take about are First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, Norman Bowker, and Tim. Telling about how the experienced guilt, where the guilt comes from, and if they ever find absolution. The first story of two stories for First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross feels guilty about the deathRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Things They Carried 2006 Words   |  9 Pages 1. Birth-October 1, 1946; present 2. The things they carried was written in the late 1980 s and published in 1990. The novel acts as a response to the era it discusses by solidifying the un-generalized version of war through fictional anecdotes from the narrator and characters. The truth is never portrayed through historic context or media, and with this novel, the author was able to reciprocate the emotions felt by soldiers from the graphic scenes or actions envisioned/written. 3. FactorsRead MoreThe Things They Carried Critical Analysis1538 Words   |  7 Pagesafter the Fall of Saigon, the Vietnam War remains an affliction for Vietnam War Veterans and their families. Millions of our youth were forced to leave their home and carry inconceivable burdens. Thus, as a Veteran, Tim O’Brien can depict thoroughly their burdens in â€Å"The Things They Carried†. His story brings us back to war-torn Vietnam and First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross and his platoon. Cross is the commanding officer; however, he does not concentrate on the war but on his unrequited love. As a resultRead MoreThe Vietnam War Has Far Reaching Consequences For The United States1710 Words   |  7 Pagesof American history is a national disgrace. This research paper will deal with some of the more intriguing aspects and effects of this war. Since the Vietnam conflict made absolutely no sense politically, militarily or economically, the value of analysis must come on the individual level. The Vietnam War had far-reaching consequences for the United States. This paper will exhaustively discuss how these issues caused the psychological effects of the Vietnam War on the soldiers morale afore the war

The Rich in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay

The American Dream is something common to most individuals, however its one thing that everybody views in several ways. The American Dream is totally different for everybody, however they share a number of a similar aspects of it. The dream relies mainly on the setting of wherever one lives and one‘s social status. for instance, The Declaration of Independence was by Thomas Jefferson, who was an upper class white male. He needed freedom, however freedom for people like himself that were white land owning people. martin luther King, in his I have a Dream speech, also demanded freedom, but mostly for African Americans like him. F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote in his book the great Gatsby, that he wants to eliminate the rich, which he was a†¦show more content†¦Each need equality for their people, the people that are within the same category and race theyre in. Jefferson’s dream is fairly totally different than F. Scott Fitzgerald’s dream in principle, however the dreams are similar in that they both need change for the better. Their dreams conjointly focused on the social class they belonged to. Martin Luther King’s American Dream is to own equality for everyone, however particularly African Americans. In his I have a Dream speech, he said, â€Å"We should face the tragic undeniable fact that the Negro continues to be not free.† He was saying that although America is meant to be a free country, African Americans were extremely not free and treated equally. King said, â€Å"The Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty poverty midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.† African Americans werent given sensible job opportunities. They were isolated and it had been exhausting for them to live comfortably once all the families with white males could have high paying jobs and affords the comforts of life. He also said, â€Å"This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. its obvious nowadays that America has defaulted on this certificate of indebtedness insofar as her citizens of color are promissory note.† King was touching on The Declaration of Independence, that had been aimed toShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Fitzgerals Personal Life on The Gerat Gastby1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe Influence of Fitzgerald’s Personal Life on The Great Gatsby Many authors find inspiration through real life experiences and transform them into works of literature to match how they want to portray them. Fitzgerald is no different, in fact, his personal life is a crucial factor in his writing style. Fitzgerald grew up with increasing numbers of difficulties, but found his way around them and incorporated those experiences into his novels. In order to achieve his goals, he began changingRead MoreViews of Entitlement in the Great Gatsby1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Gatsby as Fitzgerald’s explanation of an American Reality which contradicts the American Dream That was always my experience—a poor boy in a rich town; a poor boy in a rich boys school; a poor boy in a rich mans club at Princeton.... However, I have never been able to forgive the rich for being rich, and it has colored my entire life and works.   —F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Life in Letters, ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli. New York: Scribners, 1994. pg. 352. The Great Gatsby, by F. ScottRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pages F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the popular novelists of twentieth century America. He is the representative novelist of the age because his novels deal with the American life in 20th century. Fitzgerald regards himself as a failure, and it was only after his death in 1940 that the greatness of his novel was recognized. The novel was published in 1925. After World War II, the novel became popular. It was taught in American high schools. Many stage and film versions of the novel also appeared. TheRead MoreThe American Dream, and All Its Splendor (Great Gatsby)854 Words   |  4 Pagessuccess. The defining writer of the 1920s was F. Scott Fitzgerald whose most famous novel, The Great Gatsby, has become required reading for present-day high school students. We study Fitzgeralds novel for the same reason we study Shakespeare. The literature composed by both authors contains themes and morals that continue to be relevant to modern society. As a result, this novel could have easily been written in modern times. In his novel, Fitzgerald criticises the American Dream by describingRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Gatsby Essay One phrase that an American is bound to hear at some point in his or her life, is the American Dream, but most don’t fully understand that concept. The majority of people never really have, they always think it’s supposed to be tangible, but it’s not. In his novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes many aspects of American culture. One aspect that he criticizes very strongly is the American Dream. Fitzgerald shows the misconception that many have of whatRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Writer By F. Scott Fitzgerald1448 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald, born September 24, 1896 in St. Louis of Minnesota, showed many characteristics of a writer. He loved to tell stories, and many say that he was good at it too. His family was a middle class family, but Fitzgerald wanted more (Mizener). He wanted to be wealthy. In fact, when talking about his life experiences Fitzgerald quoted on saying â€Å"[I always felt like] a poor boy in a rich town; a poor boy in a rich boy s school; a poor boy in a rich man s club at Princeton [†¦]† (KosterRead More The American Dream, And All Its Splendor (Great Gatsby) Essay example809 Words   |  4 Pagessuccess. The defining writer of the 1920s was F. Scott Fitzgerald whose most famous novel, The Great Gatsby, has become required reading for present-day high school students. We study Fitzgeralds novel for the same reason we study Shakespeare. The literature composed by both authors contains themes and morals that continue to be relevant to modern society. As a result, this novel could have easily been written in modern times. In his novel, Fitzgerald criticises the American Dream by describing itsRead More Importance of Nick Carraway, Narrator of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1044 Words   |  5 PagesNarrator of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby   Ã‚   In The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the narrator, Nick Carraway, tells a story in which Jay Gatsby tries to attain happiness through wealth.   Even though the novel is titled after Gatsby, Nick analyzes the actions of others and presents the story so that the reader can comprehend the theme. Throughout the novel, Nick is the vehicle used to gather all of the pieces together to learn about Gatsby.   Nick isRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1722 Words   |  7 Pagesworld haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had† (Fitzgerald 1). The first line of The Great Gatsby illustrates a heartfelt sentiment of treating others respectfully and not judging a book by its cover. However, as the chapter continues, the narrator Nick Carraway, suggests this propensity of tolerance is better used as leverage to entice more people to trust you and tell you their secrets. Nick is privy to the secret lives and untold truths of many rich and powerful people of New York because he couldRead More Use of Symbols and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesliterary merit. In his novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses symbols to portray events, feelings, personalities and time periods. Throughout the narrative, Fitzgerald uses strong contrasting symbols such as West Egg and Ea st Egg. His superior use of other predominant symbols such as color and light are also evident throughout the novel. The story begins as the narrator, Nick Carraway, describes his arrival to West Egg. One can immediately spot new-money Gatsby and no-money Nick on one side

Swot Analyss Free Essays

string(144) " the business to compensate for financial losses that would arise from the death or extended incapacity of an important member of the business\." Strengths Comar chemicals is regarded as a leader in the tyre and paint industry. This phenomenon is ascribed to the following strengths: †¢Contracts in place with Goodyear, Continental, Plascon, Bridgestone, Dunlop, and Michelin. †¢Product quality of the highest standard. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analyss or any similar topic only for you Order Now Automated plant control systems in place, constant in-production quality control tests controlled by chemical director, Vernon Redding. Compliant raw materials with specifications are being utilised. †¢Succession planning in place since the appointment of Stefan as operational manager. This person is ear marked to substitute Vernon Redding, in the event of his departure. Buy and sell agreement entered into by directors, Udo Eric Eichrodt and Dieter Roland. †¢Management team is experienced and highly qualified. †¢Udo Eric Eichrodt: 30 years – BComm Marketing Management †¢Dieter Roland: 29 years – Bcomm Investment Management †¢Vernon Redding: 45 years – PhD Chemistry †¢Stefan: 12 years – BScHons Chemistry †¢May Rossouw: 24 years – BCommHons (Management Accounting) †¢Nicki de Villiers: 15 years – MComm (Transport Economics) †¢Low staff turnover. The company invests in staff morale as it understands it to be its biggest asset. †¢BEE Status 20% black owned, Vernon Redding, Indian. Promotes business in South Africa and abroad. †¢ISO 9001:2008 Certified (International Organization for Standardization. ) Little trouble has been encountered in the past to comply with minimum standards required by this certification. †¢Unqualified annual audited financial statements. This is testament to good governance practiced. Low gearing, although non-current assets are shown at R4m. Market value of plant and property exceeds R20m. Company is liquid, considering current assets to current liabilities ratio of 4:1. †¢Comar chemicals operates from totally owned premises. European Safety Reliability Association (ESRA) certified. Toxic waste is dealt with in a responsible and reliable manner. Contamination of ground is highly unlikely as the company places a high premium on â€Å"going green. † †¢Flexibility and research development ensures ongoing sustainability. †¢Product reliability. Order tracking procedure and commitment of staff ensures a good reputation of the company. †¢Absolute advantage, ability to produce specific product more efficiently than any other nation. Factors of production are relatively cheaper than any other country. †¢Zero tolerance for human error. The company has strict rules and procedures that need to be followed to ensure the mainstay of the business. Disciplinary actions are taken against culprits, which could lead to dismissal. Weaknesses The following weaknesses have been identified: †¢Comar Chemicals is faced with multiple taxes due to the fact that it is a multinational enterprise that runs in various different contries. Operating in various different countries leads to multiple tax jurisdictions. Multiple tax jurisdictions may lead to the overlapping of taxes and the company may end up with a double taxation. (1) †¢The economic model introduces some weaknesses to the company. There are various factors that affect the economic activity of Comar Chemicals. These include the resource limitations placed on the company’s ability to obtain certain chemicals or the availability of chemicals needed in the factors of production. Environmental or geographical constraints can increase their expenses due to extra transportation costs for raw materials and finished goods. The factory could be situated in an area which is prone to seasonal bad weather (Cape Town). This could slow down the process of moving materials and Comar Chemicals will bear the economic impact of a loss of potential revenue and increased costs. Theirs will also be certain institutional and legal requirements that Comar Chemicals will have to follow and they will vary in the three different countries that they operate in, South Africa, Switzerland and Germany. Comar Chemicals may have to adhere to different legal levels of Co2 production that they create during their production process and will have to regulate these levels in compliance with the legal levels set by the government. †¢Comar Chemicals has no buy and sell agreement supported by life insurance. A buy and sell agreement is a binding legal document that governs the conditions if a co-owner dies or is otherwise forced to leave the business. The fact that there is no buy and sell agreement supported by life cover means that if owner of the company passes way or is forced to leave the business then all the debt or liabilities incurred by the business will be left to the closest relative of the owner. This could lead to a liquidation of the business if there is no insurance cover. Therefore the business is not completely safe in the case of a personal crisis within the business. 2) †¢Promotion for staff is limited due the low staff turnover that Comar Chemicals has. Comar Chemicals has a total of 38 employees that includes two scientists, one accountant and one logistics manager. This can also be seen as a strength however the fact that there are so few employees, there are few promotions to employees. This can cause employees to become less motivated towards their job and c ompany and in turn this could decrease the total production and the total efficiency of production. †¢Employee empowerment is the act of giving more responsibility to workers in the work place. 3) The empowerment of staff can lead to a weakness within Comar Chemicals due to the fact that firstly, the business has a relatively small number of employees. This can lead to an increase in conflict between the employees as to why one employee has been empowered more than another. This can cause bad interpersonal relationships between employees. Empowerment can also be a weakness if the wrong employee has been empowered to take on a certain task or manage a project that he or she has not been specifically trained for. This could create problems within the managerial and operational sectors of Comar Chemicals. If empowerment of employees is going to be an on-going activity at Comar Chemicals then it has to be carried out in a way that makes sure that the right employees are being empowered for the right reasons. †¢Comar Chemicals has no key man insurance. This is very similar to the absence of a buy and sells agreement, supported by life cover that was previously mentioned. Key man insurance is an insurance policy that is takes out by the business to compensate for financial losses that would arise from the death or extended incapacity of an important member of the business. You read "Swot Analyss" in category "Essay examples" Key man insurance can cover many insurable losses that include, losses related to the period when the key person was unable to work and insurance to protect profits, insurance to protect shareholders and partnership agreements. Without key man insurance, Comar Chemicals is vulnerable to the chance that something happens to the owner and there is no protection or financial security for the business in the future. (4) Opportunities There are many opportunities for Comar Chemicals to utilise to maximise their business productivity and profitability. There are two types of opportunities, external and internal. External opportunities affect the organisation due to independent factors. Internal opportunities exist within the firm. Opportunities, when realised, can have enormous rewards for the business if the opportunities are exploited correctly. An opportunity is indication of positive potential that can help a business increase its success. Possible sources of business opportunities in most industries and markets include: Potential Business Opportunities Technological innovation New demand Market growth Demographic change Social or lifestyle change Government spending programmesHigher economic growth Trade liberalisation EU enlargement Diversification opportunity Deregulation of the market The opportunities that Comar can use to their advantage are: import quotas, developing markets, revising job descriptions/digressions, improving competitive levels, forward exchange cover, Solar power, life policies, association with universities and joint development with customers. An Import Quota is like a form of protection. It fixes the amount of products a foreign producing firm is allowed to bring into a country over a specific time period, which is usually a year. The objective of an import quota is to limit imports into a country therefore encouraging the use of domestic products and services, as the amount of the good being imported is limited the price of the specific good increases therefore domestic firms benefit. Comar, being situated in South Africa, Switzerland and Germany, can use this as an opportunity by increasing domestic employment. There will be a larger demand for Comar Chemicals because import quotas will make it more expensive to import these goods from international competitors. This will encourage Comar to employ more citizens that are qualified for the job because of the expanding demand of their product and the need for increased labour and skills in the organisation. Comar is a small business, with 38 employees including two scientists, an accountant and a logistics specialist. Comar is 14 years old, which is relatively young compared to it competitors therefore it can be considered an â€Å"infant industry† which is still developing and is not big enough to compete fairly. Import quotas allow Comar to mature onto a same competitive level as international organisations. South Africa is a developing country and the market for metal carboxylates is expanding with the increase of paint and coatings, printing inks and chemical industry, polyester industry, grease and gear oils industry and PolyButadiene, Isoperene Butadine and Copolymers industry. With the increase of construction and manufacturing in South Africa, these industries are in higher demand than ever before. Comar can improve their competing levels through product quality. Quality relates to ‘appropriate use’: how well a product does what it is intended to do. This can include a compliance of raw materials with specifications, detailed manufacturing and quality control test procedures, in-production tests of final products, introduction of automated plant control systems. These quality control methods leave little room for error, positioning the product on a high level of quality which will lead to a smart modern working environment and a reflection of the quality of the business as a whole. Comar’s leading product is COMCAT, which inclueds a rare earth catalyst which is used in the synthetic rubber industry to manufacture advanced rubber tyres – making tyres softer but more durable which in turn lowers the level of CO2 emissions from vehicles. This gives Comar a competitive advantage as their products are also helping the environment and decreasing the level of harm through innovative products, which will draw the attraction of buyers. There can often be discrepancies about the actual responsibilities, tasks and duties of a certain position within the organization; this can be managed by revising job descriptions. There must be an accurate reflection of the true functions and responsibilities for a job description to be effective. A comprehensive job description can be used in management to measure employee performance and employees can use the job description as a guideline to comprehend the expectations of the position. This can lead to improved productivity and ohesiveness within the organization to help realize the organizations objectives and goals. Comar can use the opportunity to become involved with universities to further their research and provide university departments with their expertise of the product to evolve students into potential employees of their firm or for that specific industry. For example, Comar could give bursaries to deserved students to pay for their studies in a BSC, specializing in CO MCAT (PolyButadiene, Isoperene Butadine and Copolymers industry). They could provide all the necessary tools (research, expertise, information) in order to establish awareness of this specific product and market the need for this specific scientist in this field. Joint development with customers involves a good relationship between the manufacturer and the customer. The manufacturer must be enthusiastic and prepared to open up its daily practices and activities to its customers, this will give the customer the opportunity to carefully scrutinize and evaluate the ways in which the manufacturer operates, during the production process, and the quality of the finished products. An important issue when dealing with joint development with customers is communication. When there is a healthy line of communication between the manufacturer and the customer, there can be am exchange of ideas between parties leading to effective production and customer satisfaction. Threats Threats are conditions in the business environment that are uncontrollable and have the potential to harm business profitability. One of the most common threats is competitors. There are a number of threats that Comar may face, including: future trends in the specific field, social issues, the economy, funding, demographics and the physical environment. When observing the potential threats that Comar may face, the following needs to be determined: the obstacles Comar may face, competitor’s activity, quality standards and changing technology. Threats can be divided into two categories namely, industry threats, an increase in competition or a decrease in the market size, and macro threats, threats that affect all industries in Comar’s area. Possible sources of business threats include Potential Business Threats New market entrants Change in customer tastes or needs Demographic change Consolidation among buyers New regulationsEconomic downturn Rise of low cost production abroad Higher input prices New substitute products Competitive price pressure A potential threat Comar may face is the diversity. Diversity is often defined as a positive term for a business, but it also comes with threats that have the potential to ruin productivity. Comar has a diverse workforce, co-workers each have different experiences and perceptions as they have all come from different backgrounds. This could cause cultural clashes which can decrease productivity and cohesiveness of the business as a whole. Comar could also experience divisions in staff members due to the formation of cliques and other groups, this can create competition between employees rather than teamwork, a lack of respect amongst one another and this could lead to costly diversity training to resolve diversity issues within the organisation. Comar has a diverse client base as their company is also situated in Switzerland and Germany. It is therefore crucial for Comar have a bi-lingual customer service, if they do not they will lose a massive amount of clientele as there needs to be effective communication between the two parties in order for the business to be successful. Social issues in the business environment may be a threat to Comar. A social system is a pooling of ideas, attitudes and behaviour which are involved in human relations and interactions. Comar is influenced by its customers attitudes and behaviour, if they are negative relationships within the organisation this could dampen productivity and decrease business profitability and if there are social issues external to the organisation, such as political unrest, could affect consumer behaviour negatively and affect the success of the business. The political; and legal system can also pose as a threat to Comar, as business have to follow the specific regulations as set out for them by the government, it creates a set of rules and guidelines that business are expected to adhere by, if a business does not there could be serious consequences that could lead to decreased profitability and even as far as a business being banned. The monetary system facilitates business exchange. Monetary activity has distinct basic functions, namely saving, borrowing, spending and earning, which are all linked to business profitability. Comar has to pay careful attention to all these activities because each of these factors can easily turn into a threat for the business. There are many different parties involved when dealing with money, they are financial institutions, debtors, creditors, customers and suppliers. The interest rate is very important when Comar is dealing with its monetary activities, when an interest rate is high, it increases Comar’s costs and will limit the amount of spending that Comar can participate in. Exchange rates are the value of one nation’s currency in comparison to another. It is very important when determining a business’s effectiveness and whether it will serve as an opportunity or a threat. Comar is a company that does business in South Africa and globally, therefore exchange rates will have an enormous effect on the profitability. When Comar exchanges its products over national borders causing another currency to become involve, fluctuations in exchange rates can lead to profits or losses for Comar. Comar is at an advantage when the rand is relatively strong compared to the currency that the organisation is trading with. When the rand is weak compared to the business it is doing the exchange with, Comar is at a disadvantage as it will be more costly to exchange products across borders. A massive threat that Comar faces is import duty, which is a tax on goods imported into a country. This causes prices to be higher because of the tax cost involved. This cost is passed onto consumers at higher prices, which in turn can lead to consumer dissatisfaction and a loss in clients. Trade restrictions were introduced to restrict importing for many reasons, mainly to protect domestic industries. There are two types of restrictions, tariffs and non-tariffs. Non-tariffs include, methods such as embargo, import quota – which is a limitation on the amount of goods a business is allowed to import, foreign exchange control and currency devaluation. These trade restrictions pose a massive threat to Comar because the organisation is continuously trading over borders and having to deal with trade restrictions, which will inevitably hinder profitability. How to cite Swot Analyss, Essay examples

Saturday Nights free essay sample

It is almost midnight. My feet are sore, my hands are calloused, my head is pounding and the smell of The Red Parrot food and cigarette smoke is seeping from my body. I have just worked for 12 hours and feel 100 years old, but it is worth it. At nine years old I started working with my older sister at a laundromat. I folded every piece of laundry with a smile. It may be odd for a nine-year-old to choose to work rather than go to a friend’s house, but I was only thinking of what I was working for. Now I could finally afford Friday night dances, field trips and other things most parents normally pay for. When I could legally work, I got a job bussing tables at The Red Parrot, an enormous restaurant located on the Atlantic coast. I bussed tables with the same attitude I had at the laundromat, but by 14, my ideals morphed. We will write a custom essay sample on Saturday Nights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"You should start saving for college, if you want to go,† one of my seven sisters wisely explained. It was a turning point no longer would I save for petty things, but instead, for my future. That first summer’s earnings are now part of my college savings. That summer I was faced with everything from needing to fend for myself to having to help support my family, but from it all, my job proved the largest stepping stone. It led to my maturity and with it came financial independence and the responsibility of others’ dependence. Well, it is midnight, just a regular Saturday night, and since that summer I have matured. I have learned how to manage school and work, but to me they are one and the same. I work for what I want, whether an income or an education. My hard work has paid off. At school it has made it possible for me to graduate a year early, and at the Red Parrot I have been promoted from hostess to head hostess, and now waitress and head hostess. Work has become part of a rope that holds my life together. This rope is tied so tightly that I do not have time for much else. I cannot pursue other activities, study for that extra A+ or go out on Saturday nights. Yet, I can buy groceries, help my mother with bills and buy my car. To be frank, working for what I need far outweighs working for what I want. Working has become one of the most important parts of my life, and I love it. If I need anything, I work for it. Since my parents cannot buy me clothes, give me lunch money or pay for my college education, I will.

The Inspection Of Marriott Hotel Property In Anaheim Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Inspection Of Marriott Hotel Property In Anaheim Tourism Essay Essay We are group two who did the review of Marriott Hotel belongings in Anaheim, California. The group consists of three members instead than five because of the deficient sum of pupils. Our group member names are Jake Kim, Jason Nam, and Parda Anthony Phung. This Marriott Hotel was a Convention Hotel that provided largely for concern groups, convention events, and leisure travellers they still provided hospitable service. The individual we made an assignment with was the director of the Human Resources Department, Karen Kretschmer. The day of the month she provided us to run into at was March 4th, Friday 2011 at 10:30 A.M. In our meeting, Karen gave us a elaborate circuit of how the hotel was organized and how it functions, get downing from the check-in desk to the belowground behind-the-scene sections of technology, accounting, and wash, etc. Besides, she was nice plenty to take us up to the 19th floor to demo us the hip ( as Karen would state ) and neatly fashioned suite that happ ened to be fortunately available that twenty-four hours. Not merely did the Marriott seem like a ace topographic point to remain for the dark, but the environment, whether it be employees or other invitees provided a comfy and safe ambiance. My statement is proof that Marriott is wining in their mission which states: We will write a custom essay sample on The Inspection Of Marriott Hotel Property In Anaheim Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Inspection Of Marriott Hotel Property In Anaheim Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Inspection Of Marriott Hotel Property In Anaheim Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To win in service by proactively offering clients the most valuable aid, information and support in a uniquely warm and lovingness mode. Introduction- Marriott International John Willard Marriott was born at Marriott Settlement, Utah, on September 17, 1900, the second of eight kids of Hyrum Willard Marriott and Ellen Morris Marriott. As a kid, J.W. Marriott helped his male parent run his household s farmstead raising sugar Beta vulgariss. By the age of 13, J.W. Marriott went into concern for himself raising boodle on a few estates on his household s farm. His first summer crop brought in $ 2000. Upon graduating Weber Junior College and the University of Utah, J.W. Marriot opened up a nine-stool root beer base with his wife-to-be, Alice Sheets in 1927. The root beer bases in which they subsequently called The Hot Shoppes was built in Northwest Washington D.C. A After his concern launched, J.W. Marriott went back to Utah to get married his lover Alice Sheet on June 9, 1927 in Salt Lake City. A The Hot Shoppes began to spread out around 1934, and in 1937, the Airline catering concern begins at Hoover Field where the Pentagon is presently built on. The division was named In-Flite Catering and served Capital, Eastern, and American Airlines ( Marriott ) . A It was nt until 1945, that the Hot Shoppe Cafeteria landed its first authorities feeding contract, and In-Flite Catering landed its first airport terminus food-service contract at Miami International Airport. A During World War II, the Hot Shoppes feeds 1000s of workers who move to the state s capital to work in the defence industry ( Marriott ) . In 1957, Marriott opens its first hotel, the 365-room Twin Bridges Motor Hotel in Arlington, Virginia. Marriott Food Service lands its first institutional and school eating contracts at Children s Hospital and American University ; Marriott s Highway Division opens several Hot Shoppes on the New Jersey Turnpike ( Marriott ) . Around that clip, Marriott s stock was opened to the populace at a rate of $ 10.25 a portion, which sold out in a clip span of two hours. Around 1964 and 1965, J.W. Marriott Jr. was made the President, and the Marriott Foundation was established. A Somewhere in between 1967 and 1969, the corporate name was changed from Hot Shoppe Inc. to the Marriott Corporation ( Marriott ) . A The company so opened the Fairfield Farm Kitchens, which was a nutrient production and buying installation in Beaver Heights, Maryland. The In-Flite so opened a installation in Venezuela, and Marriott acquired Camelback Inn, which was its first resort belongings. A The Marriott Found ation besides bought Bob s Large Boy Restaurants, and the Marriott s 1st international hotel opened up in Acapulco, Mexico. In the 1970 s, J.W. Marriott Jr. was made the CEO the Marriott Foundation, and obtained its first hotel-management contracts. In 1975 and 1976, the company opened its first European hotel in Amsterdam, and besides opened up two subject Parkss, both called Great America, located in Santa Clara, California, and Gurnee, Illinois ( Marriott ) . In 1977, the company celebrated in 50th day of remembrance, and the new corporate central office was built in Bethesda, Maryland in 1979. By the 1980s, the company began to boom significantly. The Marriott Foundation opened its hundredth hotel in Hawaii, and besides opened its 1st Courtyard hotel. The company acquired Host International Inc. in 1982, and entered the holiday time-share and senior-living markets in 1984. 1985 was a sad twelvemonth for the company because it was the twelvemonth that J. Willard Marriott Sr. passed off. In the same twelvemonth, The Marriott Distribution Center opened in Savage, Maryland. By the late 80s, The Company acquired the Residence Inn Company and entered the lower-moderate housing section with Fairfield Inn. They besides opened their five-hundredth hotel in Warsaw, Poland, which was merely eight old ages after their hundredth hotel opened. In the same twelvemonth that the five-hundredth hotel opened, the Marriott Foundation for People with Disabilities was established. By the 1900s, the Marriott Foundation began to spread out significantly. During the early 90s, the Marriott s Welfare to Work Program was established, but in 1993, the company spitted up into the Marriot International and the Host Marriott Corporation. In 1995, the Marriott acquired the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, and in 1997, the Marriott acquired the Renaissance Hotel group, and introduces TownePlace Suites, Fairfield Suites, and Marriott Executive Residences trade names. 1998 was a large twelvemonth for the Marriott because it opened its 1,500th hotel, and its gross revenues reached $ 8 billion. Besides in 1998, The Sodexho Alliance acquired the Marriott s nutrient service and facilities-management concerns, and the Marriott acquired 98 % of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company. By the terminal of the 90s, the Marriott acquired the ExecuStay Corporation lodging company. In the twelvemonth 2000, the 2,000th Marriott belongings opened in Tampa, Florida. In 2002, the Marriott celebrated its seventy-fifth day of remembrance, and by this clip they owned over 2,300 hotels, 156 Living Services Communities, 200,000 associates, and operations in 63 states and districts with one-year gross revenues of $ 20 billion ( Marriott ) . In the same twelvemonth, the Marriott announced the sale by-product of its Senior Living Services Communities and Marriott Distribution Services. The Marriott opened its five-hundredth extended-stay hotel, stand foring a sum of 400 Residence Inns and 100 TownePlace Suites and the Fairfield Inn besides opened its five-hundredth hotel in Arkansas. Besides in the twelvemonth 2002, the Marriott opened its 2,550th hotel worldwide, and completed the 950-room Desert Ridge Resort A ; Spa in Phoenix, Arizona. By this clip the Marriott had increased its North American market by 8 % . In 2003, the Marriott grosss totaled $ 9 billion in 2003 and $ 476 million in gross net incomes. Marriott added more than 31,000 suites and timeshare units in 2003, conveying the planetary system to 2,718 hotels and timeshare units of 490,564 suites ( Marriott ) . In the same twelvemonth, the Marriott completed the sale of its Senior Living Service Communities and Marriott Distribution Services. The Courtyard opens its five-hundredth hotel in Minneapolis Downtown, and the SpringHill Suites opens its hundredth hotel in Dallas-Addison, Texas ( Marriott ) . In 2004, the Ramada International opens two-hundredth hotel in Amsterdam, Marriott grosss totaled $ 10 billion in 2004 and $ 594 million in net income, added more than 24,000 suites and timeshare units in 2004, conveying the planetary system to 2,632 hotels and timeshare units. In the same twelvemonth, the Marriott ExecuStay hits the 30-market franchise grade, and broadens reach through new understandings in Southern California, St. Louis, and Wisconsin ( Marriott ) . Ramada International besides opened it two-hundredth hotel in Amsterdam, and the 500,000th room opened in London, located at the West India Quay Marriott Hotel in the Canary Wharf territory of London. The Marriott besides rewarded and besides welcomed their 20,000,000th member and the Marriott Vacation Club International celebrated their twentieth day of remembrance. In 2005, Marriott announces the sale of Ramada International hotels, and Marriott and Whitbread completed the dealing, organizing a 50/50 joint venture to get Whitbread s portfolio of 46 franchised Marriott and Renaissance hotels of over 8,000 suites ( Marriott ) . Marriott so took over direction of the hotels, and the joint venture sold them to new proprietors subject to long-run Marriott direction understandings. January 2006 began with the Residence Inn opening its five-hundredth hotel, and the first Residence Inn in New York City. Courtyard opened its 700th hotel, the Courtyard Washington Capitol Hill/Navy Yard, in Washington, D.C. , and unveiled the paradigm of the new Courtyard in Europe with the gap of the Paris Courtyard by Marriott Colombes ( Marriot ) . Marriott.com celebrated 10 old ages of running the online web site by establishing new one-stop services for invitees. The Marriott designated April as the first one-year Environmental Awareness Month to advance activities to continue natural milieus and cut down resource ingestion. In September, all belongingss in the U.S. and Canada became smoke-free ( Marriott ) . In 2007, Marriott celebrated two of import mileposts in Marriott s history: the eightieth day of remembrance of the initiation and the fiftieth day of remembrance of the entry into the hotel concern. On January 8, Marriott.com set a record by bring forthing more than 55,000 reserves in one twenty-four hours, posting a record 55,109 reserves and bring forthing over $ 17 million in gross gross ( Marriott ) . Get downing in February, there were eating houses at more than 2,300 Marriott hotels throughout the U.S. The Marriott was honored with the 2007 Energy Star Sustained Excellence Award from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The company was good on its manner to run into at that place end to cut down nursery gases by 6 % per invitee room by 2010. There are many different types of Marriott subdivision categories such as the Luxury subdivisions, the life style and dress shop subdivisions, the signature subdivisions, and the choice service and extended stay subdivisions. In each of these categories there are different types of cabals such as the luxury subdivisions that consist of the Ritz Carlton which has a sub-branch called the Bulagari Hotels A ; Resorts, and the J.W. Marriott Hotels A ; Resorts. The Lifestyle and Boutique subdivision has the Renaissance Hotels A ; Resorts. The Signature subdivision has the Marriott Hotels A ; Resorts, and the Select Service A ; the Extended Stay has the Courtyard by Marriott, Fairfield Inn A ; Suites by Marriott, SpringHill Suites by Marriott, the Resident hostel, and the Towneplace by Marriott. The figure of units and the figure of suites that the Ritz Carlton provides is 77 units and 22,502 suites whose mark markets are a leisure invitee and upscale invitee who like to go in luxury hotels. The figure of units and the figure of suites that the J.W. Marriott Hotels A ; Resorts provides is 46 units and 20,713 suites. Their mark markets are guest who is going for leisure, conventions, and concern. The Marriott Hotels A ; Resorts provides 505 units and 181,500 suites. Their mark markets are a invitee who is going for household leisure and invitees who are going for conventions. The figure of units and the figure of suites that the Renaissance Hotels A ; Resorts provides is 143 units and 50,437 suites. The mark markets of the Renaissance Hotels A ; Resorts are the invitee who is going for concern, leisure, and conventions. The Courtyard by Marriott has 883 units and 129,634 suites, and their mark markets are travellers who are at that place for concern or leisure. The Fairfield Inn A ; Suites by Marriott serve the invitee who is going for leisure, but fancy upper-moderate grade units. The figure of units and the figure of suites that they provide is 657 units a nd 59,663 suites. SpringHill Suites by Marriott leisure houses travellers who are going for leisure and invitee that prefer Extended Stay. There figure of units and suites is 272 units and 31,896 suites. The Resident Inn services invitees who are on long concern trips. The figure of units and suites that they provide is 610 units and 73,849 suites. Last is the TownePlace by Marriott. The figure of units and figure of suites that they provide is 192 units and 19,320 suites. Introduction- Anaheim Marriott Anaheim Marriott s hotel located in Anaheim at 700 West Convention Center Way Anaheim, CA 92802, one block South of Disneyland Resort, and following to the Anaheim Convention Center. The hotel has been a landmark in Anaheim since 1981, and renovated all kiping room in 2000, and front entryway, anteroom, and saloon Reconstruction was completed in 2001. The type of ownership of the hotel is a corporate manages and the entire figure of employees is about 650. The hotel mission statement is to supply echt attention, demoing empathy and compassion and ever transcending the outlooks of our invitees. Last twelvemonth, the hotel mean tenancy rate was 60 per centum, mean day-to-day rate was $ 159, and gross per available room was $ 71.92. Anaheim Marriott is a 3-star full service hotel that attracts invitees runing from convention invitees for an event in the Anaheim convention centre, little concern invitees for usage of their meeting suites or dance halls, and leisure invitees for the visit Disneyland resort. The hotel entire meeting suites infinite is 82,000 sq ft. which includes 44 meeting suites, and 6 dance halls. The meeting suites offer audiovisual equipment, event catering, and high velocity wireless cyberspace. And the hotel consists of 990 regular invitee suites and 40 suites located in three edifices. Room amenities include air-conditioned, marble bathroom, shower/tub combination, hair drier, dismay clock, 24 hr room service, java shaper, LCD telecasting computing machine work Stationss, and etc. The hotel offers Hertz rental auto, FedEx Kinko s concern centre, fittingness centre, an out-of-door splash pool and watering place bath, and etc. The chiefly mark markets for the hotel are the convention invitee, and secondary mark markets are leisure travel. The information about mark markets was based on an interview with Human resources director Karen Kretschmer. The hotel offers two a La menu eating houses, one fast-food concatenation, which is Pizza Hut, one saloon, and Starbucks with a market place. The two hotel eating houses are JW s Steakhouse and Cafe Del Sol. The JW s Steakhouse open merely dinner and offers premier meats and world-class vinos. Another eating house is called Cafe Del Sol. It offers fresh California culinary art and other household friendly dishes, and open for breakfast, tiffin, and dinner. The hotel Starbucks offers all the Starbuck s java, tea, and a assortment of pastries, with a separate counter offering fresh salads, sandwiches, and sweets. It opens for breakfast, tiffin, and light dinner. The hotel saloon is called Degrees ; it offers indoor and out-of-door tabular array seating, big screen Te levision, and poolside service. The hotel check-in starts at 4:00pm and check-out clip is noon. The ego parking fee is $ 24 per twenty-four hours, gentleman parking fee is $ 28 per twenty-four hours, and RV parking fee is $ 30 per topographic point per twenty-four hours. For a day-to-day rate of $ 12.95, the undermentioned characteristics are available in the guestroom: high-velocity cyberspace entree, limitless local phone calls, and limitless long distance calls within the state, non available in all markets. Organizational Structure Anaheim Marriott s executive commission consists of many different sections with their ain particular directors. To get down off, the General Manager is Bill Gunderson. The General Manager is fundamentally the superintendent of every section including the sections of Engineering, Finance/Accounting, Gross saless A ; Marketing, Food A ; Beverage, Market Strategy ( shared service ) , Human Resources, and the Resident director. He is responsible for all of the facets of the operations such as from giving the concluding mandate to engage an employee to implementing policies and processs and guaranting that they are carefully followed. The general director is the anchor to a successful company. The Director for the Engineering Department is Tracy Tomasek with its Chief Engineer, Juan Lopez. The manager controls the internal and external factors of technology activities such as undertakings or technologic thoughts that would supply to the demands of clients. When undertakings are finished, the manager overlooks it to guarantee criterions are met. The Chief Engineer s occupations ranges from keeping the outside of the edifice ( including parking batch and common countries ) , carry oning monthly safety reviews, driving the bird coach when needed, and looking over his work country ( employees ) and studies everything that happens to the manager. In the Anaheim Marriott organisation, there are merely two executive employees in the technology section and other hourly employees. The section of finance consists of Bob Attianese who is the Sr. Director of Finance. The section of finance s end is to help proactively with cost containment, gross sweetening, net income betterment chances and safeguarding of the company s assets. This section oversees the accounting section ; responsible for organizing and pull offing all maps refering to general leger, gross, paysheet, and histories collectible and receivable. Then, the manager reports all seasonably and meaningful intelligence to the General Manager. Under Bob Attianese ( the Senior Director of Finance ) is the Director of Finance Rebecca Salyard and under her is Brian Johnson who is the Senior Assistant Controller. They assist and report fiscal intelligence and informations to the Senior Director who finalizes everything. The Rooms Operations organisation consists of the Resident Manager, Chad Sitkowski. Under him are the two managers: Marcus Borman ( Director of Rooms Operations ) and Arthur Dennis ( Director of Loss Prevention ) . The Director of Rooms Operations is responsible for guaranting the smooth operation of invitee services. There are two executive directors under the Director of Rooms Operations. One is the Front Office Manager. This director is responsible for oversing all responsibilities of the forepart desk. Another director is the Assistant Director of Services. And the Director of Loss bar is responsible for describing and deciding affairs in the country of safety. The Housekeeping Manager is besides under the suites operations organisation. The director is Judith Torres, and he is responsible for telling and stock list cleansing supplies, engaging and developing new employees, and puting employee agendas. The gross revenues and selling section includes the Director of Marketing, the Market Catering Executive, the Director of Gross saless, the Senior Gross saless Executives, and the Senior Catering Executive. The Director of Marketing is a caput of this section, who is Rhanda Richardson. She works with sellers that provide selling, and publishing stuffs to advance and market the hotel. Under her is the Director of Gross saless and under her is three Senior Executives. They are helping the Director of Gross saless, word to construct relationships with possible invitees, and most likely to assist a hotel stay profitable. Last, the Market Catering Executive is Patty Stuckmeyer. She is pull offing providing gross revenues and service for events at the hotel. The section of the Food A ; Beverage consists of John Josberger who is the Director of F A ; B. He is responsible all nutrient and drinks mercantile establishments, storage, and proviso countries. Under him are the Executive Chef and the Director of Restaurants. First, the Executive chef is David Dulkis. He is responsible for guaranting that quality of nutrients is served on agenda and to see that any jobs that arise are rectified. Second, the Director of Restaurants is Mark Sladky. He is supervising all nutrient service activities of the eating houses operation. Under David Dulkis ( Executive Chef ) are the Senior Sous Chef and the Senior Banquet Chef. And under Mark Sladky ( Director of Restuarants ) are the Starbuck s director, the Beverage director, and Room Service director. Probably the biggest group in the organisational construction of Marriott Hotel is the Event Organization. The organisation consists of the Resident Manager, Chad Sitkowski. Under the Resident Manager are the four important-role managers: Tammi Chaabani ( Director of Event Operations ) , Tony Rivers ( Director of Event Technology ) , Peter Gunther ( Director of Event Catering ) , and Nick Valdez ( Director of Event Planning ) . Each manager is in charge of commanding their squad. First, the Director of Event Operations puts together a squad for an juncture. The squad can dwell of cooks to Usshers and interior designers. The leader is in charge of the budget and must hold accomplishments in negociating for pricing with other locales. Occasionally, this crew is responsible for marketing the event. Second, the Director of Event Technology takes attention of the audio/visual/lighting for an event. There are merely the manager and the director in this class with several employees under di rection. Third, the Director of Event Catering intent is to offer catering services and gross revenues for an event in the cordial reception industry. They besides frequently see an event from its planning phases into completion, assisting to be after the nutrient service, planing and functioning the bill of fare, and cleaning up after the event. Events like a nuptials, birthday, or party are occupations normally for this group. This group consists of the Director of Event Catering, Senior Event Catering Manager, and the Event Catering Manager. As others groups, the Senior and Manager have their responsibility to describe to the Director about any intelligence. Since an event happens merely with proper and timely planning, the biggest sub-group is the Event Planning group. They answer the of import inquiries of who, what, when, where, and why and organize a contract with the consumer. This group branches in four other executive staffs: Senior Event Planning Manager, Senior Event Pla nning Manger, Senior Event Planning Manager, and the Event Manager. These functions exist so that the event planning will continue swimmingly and successfully. The Human Resources Department consists of merely two executive employees, Tony Hewes ( Director of Human Resources ) and Karen Kretschmer ( Human Resources Manager ) . Some major duties include enrolling and staffing, policy development and certification, employee safety, public assistance, and wellness/health. Karen Kretschmer was the lady who we had an assignment with for our inspection/tour so I believe it is safe to state that the Human Resources Department besides deals with clients who would wish to hold entree to the construction of an organisation ( in our instance, we sought out the cognition of Marriott Hotel ) . The Revenue Management Organization is a shared service that is responsible for the rates of the hotel s rates for every dark, looking for ways to maximise their day-to-day gross. In the Marriott Hotel organisation, executive rubrics consist of Brenda Ciampa ( Director of Market Strategy ) , ramifying into Maritza Luoni [ Director of Revenue Analysis = gt ; subdivisions into Josh Coy ( Function Space Inventory director ) ] A ; Evan Bailey ( Director of Group Strategy ) . The selling group is in charge of marketing research, selling merchandise, and/or service to clients in a professional manner. The Director of Revenue Analysis analyzes informations about revenue/RevPAR. The bifurcate Function Space Inventory Manager ensures stock list is allocated and restricted decently to maximise gross and net incomes. The Inventory Manager builds all rates, bundles and hotel gross revenues scheme information in the hotel ( s ) stock list systems. Last, the Director of Group Strategy oversees the enforced or strategic enterprises and supervises possible progressing schemes offered by the bifurcate staff members. Observations A ; Analysiss There were many things that our group observed during our site visit. One thing that we did non anticipate was the half indoor half out-of-door pool. We took some images of the pool country because it was really nice. Another thing that we noticed was the big convention wing of the hotel that had a sum of 6 Ballrooms. The hotel had a sum of three different subdivisions of the hotel. The first was the Garden Wing, which surrounded the pool. The second was the Oasis Tower, which was late built 20 old ages ago. The last was the Palms tower, which was the chief tower. The dance halls were split into two classs, the California meeting suites ( smaller suites ) and the Main meeting suites. The dance halls late expanded in 2008. Since we did non anticipate the hotel to be located in the Disneyland country, we were surprised to see a adult male selling Disneyland tickets in a booth following to the Concierge desk. Another great thing that we noticed was that the hotel was really dimmed in so me parts of the hotel. Karen explained to us that the hotel did this to salvage money during the season of the twelvemonth in which they have small concern which we thought was a wise determination. The last thing that shocked our group was the size of the nutrient storage in which Karen referred to as the food market shop of the hotel. There were many things that we observed in each section. The Front Office had Senior directors and Assistant directors, and besides provided the Valet Service, the Concierge s desk, and the Front Desk. What we noticed about the Concierge s Desk was that it was little. What we noticed in the Food and Beverage section was the multiple kitchens. There were 3 kitchens, one large kitchen which was the chief kitchen, a smaller kitchen called the Banquet kitchen, and a preparation kitchen which was besides used for excess infinite. Karen told us that the Banquet kitchen was non used frequently, merely when there were big parties in the meeting suites. Und erground was the staff member s cafeteria, which was non truly a large room, but the nutrient smelled antic. There was a saloon that could be seen in the chief anteroom, which served guest tiffin. There were besides two eating houses, the Cafe De Sol, and the J.W. Steakhouse. We did non acquire a opportunity to walk into the J.W. Steakhouse, but we did acquire to walk in to the Cafe De Sol which was a really nice eating house. There was a Pizza hut, and a Starbucks. Karen told us that the Starbucks was besides known as the Market Topographic point because it provided sandwiches and other nutrient like french friess and drinks like sodium carbonate and H2O. Karen informed us that the bakeshop produced 90 % of staff of life and pastries made from the hotel. She informed us that the F A ; B section neer washed their dishes by manus, but alternatively had a whole room designated for all the dish lavation machines. The Marriott besides provided Room Service. Another thing we noticed o n the chief floor was the Fitness Center, which had all new equipment.The chief floor besides had a gift store, and surprisingly had a FedEx Kinko s Office. One cool thing about the Meeting suites was the Air-walls which made each room capable of widening its size. The Human Resources Department, which was the first section where we met up with Karen, was really little, and merely had two people working that twenty-four hours. There were besides two more desks, but Karen explained that they were non working that twenty-four hours because concern was slow. We did non acquire a opportunity to walk in the Gross saless A ; Marketing Department because the Gross saless employees were busy working difficult, but we did acquire to see the country they were in, which was located in the belowground degree. The accounting and Engineering A ; Maintenance Departments were besides belowground. Now the largest section was the Housekeeping Department. There was a laundry room, but Karen informed us that instead than making the laundry in-house, the hotel sent out the wash to a laundry company called Radiant. We were non lucky plenty to run into the General Manager, but we were able to run into the Head Managers of the Human Resources Department, who was Karen, and the caput of the Food and Beverage Department, and the Housekeeping Department. We were really impressed with the Anaheim Marriott s cordial reception in comparing with the J.W. Marriott at L.A. live because they non merely transferred me to different sections that led us nowhere, but they besides failed to reacting to multiple phone calls and electronic mails that we left them. We were non disappointed with any facets of the hotel, but we would urge that the hole the asphalt around the pool country because there were some clefts, and some parts of the floor were different colourss. We were besides disappointed about the parking construction monetary value which was $ 24 dollars, we found that really hideous, and chose to park in a residential country a twosome of blocks off. The failing that the Marriott had was that it was across a Hilton Hotel which looked much nicer and more suites available. The Strength that the Marriott had was that it was located right following to the Anaheim Convention Center. Karen informed us that concern was slow because of the recession, the Hilton and the Marriott would work together to increase their gross. This worked out because they would rede a invitee to travel to the opposing hotel when they wanted a good eating house to eat in when invitees did non desire to eat at the same eating houses twice. It was non a immense addition in concern, but it still benefited both hotels none the lupus erythematosus. Recommendations and Decision

Childhood Obesity Essay

Childhood Obesity Essay Free Online Research Papers The United States is dealing with an increasing epidemic of childhood obesity in our society. In the past years, Americans have changed their eating and exercise habits drastically for the worse. Children become the victims of obesity because of the lack of a nutritional diet, and exercise. Some claim that the media is to blame for the epidemic while others feel it is the parents responsibility. This eating disorder should be taken as a serious matter especially when childrens health is at risk. The evidence suggests that childhood obesity has been linked to future medical and psychosocial disorders. The American people need to start taking preventive measures to help decrease the rate of obesity in our youth. According to the American Heritage College Dictionary, Obesity is the condition of being obese; increased body weight caused by excessive fat (Pg. 940). Being overweight is a large build-up of adipose tissue, which is stored cellular fat. Obesity was never a big issue until recently when studies have shown increasing rates in adults and children. The number of children who are overweight has doubled in the last two to three decades; currently one child in five is overweight (NIH Pg 1). These statistics are mind-boggling considering a large increase in such a short time period. These numbers are prevalent in predicting future statistics on obese children in the United States. One child in five translates into 15 percent of Americans aged 6 to 19 that are overweight (Greaser Pg 1349). These statistics will only increase in years to come if nothing is done about it now. Genetics do play a role in a person involving weight gain, but there is not much we can do to change our gene makeup. Now there are two potential explanations for this. Either 50 percent of the population has the genes that make them susceptible to obesity, and the environmental factors are acting on this 50 percent, or 50 percent of the population is exposed to specific factors that are driving obesity that is not shared by the rest of the population (Symp) Proc. Pg.16). Regardless of genetic makeup, we need to start changing the poor eating habits and lack of physical activities encountered in every household. Children look up to parents as role models. The environmental issue is also a huge concern for childhood obesity. Unsafe streets, parks, and neighborhoods keep kids from playing outside and detrimental to a childs ability to lose excess pounds. With this information, any child is susceptible to becoming overweight and threatens an unhealthy lifestyle. One major concern is the increase in Americans becoming a fast food society. McDonalds, Burger King, and Taco Bell to name a few have become an easy source of a quick food fix for the whole family. Today take-out food accounts for over 30 percent of a familys food expenditures on a daily, weekly, or annual basis; across all spectrums of socioeconomic class (Symp. Proc. Pg 18). This percentage is forever increasing every year with more variety of fast food restaurants to choose from. Whatever happened to preparing a nutritious homemade meal? It seems as though families do not have enough time anymore to make homemade meals. These fast food joints entice children by creating kids meals that come with toys. This is how they target the child to eat their meals. Some may call it smart target marketing and to others promoting poor eating habits. It should be up to the parent to put their foot down and create better diet choices for their children. Some critics feel that the environmental factor is also involved in child obesity. Not all children experience growing up in an unsafe neighborhood, but a good percentage of them does. Mostly inner-city children have limited resources to release their extra energy after school or during the summer. It is unfortunate for children to have to live in fear of playing outside, but is the reality for many. For children that live in better areas do have opportunities to play outside whether it is in a park or a yard. According to the National Recreation and Park Association, 75 percent of Americans live within a two-mile walking distance of a public park (NIH Pg2). Every year more children would rather stay inside instead of playing outside. Park and recreation departments and other community-based organizations receive assistance from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute on providing activities for kids and adults that encourage healthy lifestyle choices (NIH Pg2). This program wo uld provide a prevention method to help control childhood obesity. These programs help kids to become more physically active and a good way for children to stay healthy. Others are quick to blame the media for contributing to childhood obesity. They use special marketing techniques to target a specific audience. Almost all children shows have commercials for junk foods and fast food restaurants. These advertisements use vibrant colors and extra incentives such as free toys, to make the child believe they need the product. Excessive advertising of junk foods especially to children is exacerbating the obesity problem in the United States and requires further regulation, according to a new report by a group of health advocates (Higgins Pg11). These food companies do not care about the well-being of kids. All they have in mind is to sell their products to children. This type of propaganda needs to be regulated to a minimum so that children can have a brighter future with fewer health risks to be concerned about. Schools are also a deciding factor of childrens eating behaviors. Schools are always speculated on because it is supposed to provide structure for children. Most schools offer junk food and soda through vending machines to children. An increasing number of schools are also encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviors. More nutritious choices in cafeterias and vending machines, such as salad bars and baked food rather than fried, encourage kids to try items other than sodas, candy bars, and French fries (NIH Pg3). The cafeteria food that provides children with meals follows a strict a dietary guideline. For the most part, these meals are nutritious and from the main food groups. Consuming nutritious healthy food has been reported to helping a child learn more throughout the school day. Since schools see children every day, they realize the major problem in overweight children and how it has become a serious public health issue. Most schools have stopped the sale of junk food and other item s that are high in calories and fat. It is a parents responsibility to set a good example and be a good role model for their children. While children can play ball at the local park and choose healthier foods in school, at the end of the day family support is what really counts. You are a role model for your kids. Children form habits from parents, and usually, maintain them into adulthood (NIH Pg3). Children learn mostly from their parents and need a platform for them to eat right and include daily activities in their normal routines. As a child grows they depend on a parent to nurture them and obtain a normal healthy lifestyle. The risks obese children face can be detrimental to their health. Overweight children can develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is when the pancreas cant secrete enough insulin to break down the high level of sugars. The combination of increased insulin and insulin resistance is the mechanism responsible for non-insulin-dependent or type 2 diabetes mellitus, a disease whose increase in frequency may parallel the increased prevalence of obesity (Gidding Pg2). This type of diabetes has been diagnosed for obese children and is believed to be a link to obesity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is compared to be the same as diabetes found in adults. Overweight kids face the risk of heart disease from having high cholesterol levels and blood pressure (NIH Pg1). The bodys vital organs work a lot harder in an obese child rather than a healthy child. Any excess fat a body carries brings tremendous stress to an individuals physical health. Overweight children also experience sleeping problems. One of the most severe problems for obese children is sleep apnea (interrupted breathing while sleeping). In some cases, this can lead to problems with learning and memory (NIH Pg1). Sleep apnea is believed to have an effect on memory loss and learning disabilities in children. Maybe this accounts for increasing numbers of obese children in need of special education, but no studies have been reported on it. Overweight adolescents have a 70 percent chance of becoming overweight or obese adults (NIH Pg1). Of course, the percentage is approximate, but it reveals that obesity has become a problem in our country. Overweight children are also threatened with developing asthma, orthopedic problems, among other diseases they can easily contract with this type of eating disorder. These children risk having diabetic complications, including heart disease, stroke, blindness, limb amputation, and kidney failure, before they reach the age of thirty (Brownell Pg 47). These health risks will follow them into adulthood. They are more prone to these and other diseases as they grow older. The chances of living a long life decrease rapidly with these health risks. But perhaps more devastating to an overweight child than the health problems is social discrimination. Children who are teased a lot can develop low self-esteem and depression (NIH Pg1). Not only does it affect their health problems, but obesity also affects a childs psychological and social behaviors too. Children can be very mean to other kids that are different. Needless to say, these bullies only hurt the child more by their bullish actions with name calling, becoming physical, and countless other ways. A bullys behavior is the need to be the center of attention and feel accepted by their peers. An obese kid that is made fun of all the time already knows they have a weight problem and can develop many behavioral problems. Most overweight children develop low self-esteem about themselves. They become depressed from being teased about their weight. All kids want to feel accepted by their peers and be socially interactive amongst others. Many overweight children deal with feelings o f isolation, unwanted, and hatred towards their peers. When overweight kids feel depressed and alone their comfort is food, which makes it harder for them to lose the weight. It is difficult for younger kids growing up with this eating disorder. Some children may even act out or behave badly because it helps release their aggression. Being teased about a weight problem in childhood greatly impacts the childs mentality and will cause psychological problems later on in life. Children that feel out of place and unaccepted, often think about hurting themselves or others. Social exclusion, teasing, and anti-fat media messages are common, and their discrimination in education. As a result, poor self-esteem and other problems are very real issues for these children (Brownell Pg 47). These children do not always want to talk about their feelings and emotions to anyone. They will need family support and love to let them know how much you care for them. Hopefully, obese children do not develo p a mental complex from all of the cruelty they witness. Doctors are able to calculate if a child is obese by using the formula for body mass index. This formula helps determine the excess body fat on a person. In the early years of life, doctors use an age growth chart to plot a childs physical progression. They are not too concerned about overweight babies, but with under-weights. As a child grows older, the body mass index (BMI) indicates the percentage amount of excess fat and will determine if the child is obese or overweight for their age. This country needs to start taking preventive measures on controlling obesity in our children. Two main reasons that children become overweight are poor eating habits, and decreased physical activity. This intervention needs to start with the parents of overweight kids. The initial focus of our preventive efforts should be on the obese parents of the young child, regardless of the weight status of the child. But, increasingly, in order to effectively prevent adult disease, we are going to need to focus on the child and adolescent who is overweight, regardless of the weight status of their parents (Symp. Proc. Pg 17). The reality is that good nutrition needs to start in the home. These children need to have a good role model to look up to. A young child will imitate a parents actions, so its a good time to teach them how to eat healthily and stay active. A good way to get your child involved is to plan family activities that involve exercise. Instead of watching TV, go hiking or biking, wash the car, or walk around a mall. Offer the children choices and let them decide (NIH Pg 3). If the parent implements these strategies early enough, the child will less likely become overweight. If a child is involved in decision making on the types of activities and meal planning, it helps them learn about living a healthy lifestyle. Limit them watching the television and prohibit them from eating in front of the TV. This will create quality family time that all young children need in their lives for good structure. Spending time with your children and listening to them will give a parent great insight about their child. Both child and parent will learn from each other. Parents should refrain from buying un-nutritious junk food. A helpful guide for dietary intake would be to follow the food pyramid. The food pyramid is a guide, which lists what food the body needs and serving portions for intake. Parents and children should follow a di etary program that helps control their weight. We need to increase the physical awareness to our young children beginning in the classroom. Teaching a child the importance of exercise on a daily routine is essential in the efforts of staying healthy. Teachers need to encourage kids about living a good healthy lifestyle and making the right choices. Schools all around the country have been cutting back the time for the lunch period and recess. Some schools do not have recess anymore, which is a shame. Recess should be a very important part of a childs learning process. It is time, after lunch, to run around a playground and burn off the excess calories and fat. It is time the schools educate the children about nutrition. Health classes should give information on the importance of staying active and eating right. Most of these classes are curtailed because they feel it takes away from other subjects. These classes are just as important if not more. Physical Education classes are also being overlooked as taking time away from other classes. Gym classes are needed to teach children different sports and staying fit. The components of effective nutrition education include making nutrition fun and engaging; integrating nutrition across the curriculum, home, and community; and emphasizing behavior change (Symp. Proc. Pg 93). Nutrition education should play an important part in a young childs upbringing in schools and at home. Schools need to implement changes in their curriculum making nutrition and health classes’ top priority. Without these classes, children are more likely to succumb of poor dietary habits and uninterested in physical exertion. Children need to stay healthy to be able to learn other material at school. Numerous studies have shown that a well-balanced diet and physical activities play a big part in a child maintaining good grades. Exercise improves blood flow to the brain and spurs cell growth, leading some to compare the brain to muscle, which performs best when exercised (Brownell Pg 83) . This study should encourage schools to promote gym and health classes because it can affect the childs learning ability. To help control obesity, schools need to set regulations and standards regarding childrens health. All levels of government and community organizations must get involved in encouraging children to acknowledge the importance of good health. Many of the community programs and organizations rely on federal funding to help them educate the children. Local park and recreation departments help provide children with activities throughout the year. Their hopes are to create a mindset in children that doing physical activities are not only fun but vital for staying healthy. Many programs have been introduced in schools and communities. More recently, there have been two programs that proved to be essential of the awareness on this health issue. CATCH and SPARK programs have been implemented to incorporate activity into the school routine, to increase movement in PE classes and in school in general, and to encourage children to be active outside of school. The results have shown improvements in childrens physical activity, diet, and medical outlook, and in some cases have shown enduring effects that last for some years beyond the end of the programs (Brownell Pg 83). These programs are designed for intervention and prevention methods for child obesity. The government is well aware of how this issue has become a serious public health problem. They need to implement a plan of action to help curb and control this disorder before it gets out of hand. The government does fund programs and organizations involving obesity in children. These funds are usually not enough or cutback, so it becomes difficult to run the programs. The government is also hoping to regulate TV advertisements during children shows to limit commercials selling unhealthy foods. Public policy needs to be set into place and explore every aspect of preventing childhood obesity. The federal government does have a couple of good programs and need to continue on fighting this crisis because it will only get worse as the years progress. Everyone is quick to blame someone else with the discussion of obesity in children. The first change needs to begin in the home environment and if everyone does their part, we can take control of the situation at hand. Current research leaves the hope that the trend toward increased obesity can be reversed through a public health policy that encourages regular physical activity and a prudent diet (Gidding Pg 7). The public needs to accept the fact that todays youth are increasingly becoming overweight. Today, researchers have enough insight on all facets of obesity in children to render a decision on intervention and prevention methods needed to help reverse this public health crisis. Inevitably, obesity in children will drastically increase if nothing is done about it. List Brownell, and Katherine Horgen PH.D. Food Fight. New York: McGraw-Hill Co. 2004. Childhood Obesity: causes and preventions. Symposium Proc., 27 Oct. 1998. Washington: Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, 1999. Gidding, Samuel. MD., et al. Understanding obesity in youth. Journal of American Heart Association. 1 Nov. 2004. http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/94/12/3383. Greaser, and John J. Whyte. Childhood obesity: is there an effective treatment? Consultant. 1 Sept 2004. 27 Nov. 2004. http://web7.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark. Higgins, Marguerite. Junk food ads for children are targeted; researchers tie to obesity, seek tighter controls. The Washington Times. 10 Sept. 2004. National Institutes of Health. Childhood obesity on the rise. June 2002. 10 Oct. 2004. nih.gov/news/wordonhealth/jun2002/childhoodobesity.htm. Obesity The American Heritage College Dictionary. 3rd edition. 2000. Research Papers on Childhood Obesity EssayIs the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in the Treatment ofThe Broken FamilyLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesGenetic EngineeringA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantInflation TargetingYear Round SchoolingProbation OfficersSexually Transmitted DiseasesMRSA Staph Bacteria

Creative individual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Creative individual - Essay Example Throughout his career, Mozart is said to have composed over 600 pieces with many of them being symphonies, chambers and types of choral music. Mozart’s creativity brought him to light at a very young age, where at merely five years of age he was given the opportunity to perform before the European Royalty. Since a young age Mozart had a passion to grow up as a great musician and this is what led him to leave the position of a court musician in Salzburg. Most of his famous works are believed to be composed in Vienna, a little before his death (ABERT, H., SPENCER, S., & EISEN, 2007). Before shedding light on Mozart’s creativity in light of various definitions, creativity theories and academic literature it is highly essential that I put forward my view of the creative personality. Mozart’s creativity if brought to light from the fact that he was, and is most likely the only composer in history to have produced masterpieces in not one, but practically all genres of music. His work was widely spread across various genres and this alone sheds light on how creatively different he was able to think as a musician. It is said about him that Mozart did his first concerto at the young age of just four, while he went on with his first symphony at the age of seven. But Mozart did not stop there, and went to perform at this first Opera at the young age of just 12 years. Throughout the musical world, many have regarded Mozart as a child genius. Moreover, the various manuscripts written by Mozart have led people to believe that his works were often composed in j ust one go, as compared to completing the piece in various sittings (CAMPBELL, 2000). Before proceeding to discuss how, if Mozart was creative at all, it is essential we first understand the definition of creativity. The famous dictionary Merriam Webster defines creativity as the quality of being creative or the ability to create new and different things. Looking at Mozart in the light of this very

Language development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Language development - Essay Example In all of these aspects of language acquisition, language imbalance should be considered when gauging the extent and ability of child in the process of learning a second language. Language imbalance is brought about by a conflict between two or more languages that a child is exposed to in the development process (Hoff, 2009). Influences on vocabulary are characterized by a myriad of factors in a child’s life both at school and at home. Vocabulary development is influenced by language socialization that takes two general styles of child-rising that are child-centered and situation centered. In child centered approach, adults use two strategies of self-lowering through baby talk and child rising by interpreting unintelligible gibberish(Barrett, 1999). The situation-centered approach does not require adults to simplify their language, but children are expected to learn, understand and produce adult like speech mannerism. The culture surrounding a child has a significant influence on the development of language in a child because it influences the development of their identity. Cultural influencers, in society, determine the personality and identity that a child forges for self in line with what the societal norms dictate (Barrett, 1999). Young English language learners should be encouraged by their educators, caregivers and parents to achieve a more rounded language development process. Teachers need to be good models of language use and encourage learners to interact with other children as much as possible (Hoff, 2009). This is aimed at reinforcing their vocabulary repertoire. Second language learners can be exposed to meaningful learning activities that encourage them to practice their new language

Children's Literature Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Children's Literature Critique - Essay Example In the first part of the book, the story revolves around Pacman-looking circle, searching for the lost pizza-like piece which completes its being. There is no indication whether Pacman-looking circle is a male or female. Pacman-looking circle looks for the missing pizza-like piece everywhere, asking people it meets along the way if they have seen the missing piece or if they can give directions leading to where the missing piece is. It looks everyone and does not give up with the search since it has high hopes that it was going to find the missing piece. In his search, it sings a melancholic song which it hums to show how sad it was for not finding its missing piece. The song, â€Å"Oh, I am looking for my missing piece; I am looking for my missing piece†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Silverstein, 1976) makes readers feel the pain the Pacman-looking circle has. Pacman-looking circle finds several pieces a long its way. It tries if they can fit in the space only to be disappointed that they cannot. Some fitThis does not discourage it since it goes on with its search with hopes that it would find the missing piece. The first part of the series comes to an end when Pacman-looking circle finally finds its missing piece. It is intriguing to note that Pacman-looking circle fits the missing piece only to realize that it cannot put up with it. ... Silverstein demonstrates that the missing piece had not come to terms with Pacman-looking circle’s realization that one should be happy with the way they are. It was searching for a piece to make it complete. However, upon meeting the big O, the missing piece is made to understand the fulfillment one gets by understanding one-self. The big O mentors the missing piece and makes it understand that there is no need to look for another piece to make it complete. The content in The Missing Piece series is suitable for young children. This is because at this age, most children normally face challenges of self-acceptance brought about by some of the imperfections they may have. For instance, an albino child may be alienated from his peers because he or she feels out of place. In as much as being an albino is not his or her wish; the child should be made aware that the condition should not be a hindrance to his or her communication and interaction with others. Therefore, by reading th e book, children will get an understanding of how they are. Additionally, will learn to appreciate and love themselves despite the imperfections they have. The book also has basic illustrations and simple phrases that catch the attention of children. For instance, while describing the missing piece’s movement, Silverstein (1976) asserts, â€Å"the missing piece was bumping instead of flopping, and then it was bouncing instead of bumping.† Such illustrations arouse the interests of young children. The front cover of the book also has the picture of the Pacman-looking circle, and it is most certain that children who have a glimpse of it on bookstore shelves would request

Overview Of Ethical Dimension In Decision Making Process Commerce Essay

Overview Of Ethical Dimension In Decision Making Process Commerce Essay This piece of work explores the ethical dimension in decision making process and factors that influences managers behavior. It also explore conditions at which managers make decisions, how they access opportunities and why the needs to maintain sensitivity and be guided by their moral compass in reaching high ethical values in all their activities. The short fall of ethical issues shall also be address. Ethical misconduct has become a major issue in recent time that has led to the collapse of hitherto successful companies. Accounting fraud, inside trading of stock and bonds information, falsifying document, bribery, deceptive advertising, defective products employee theft, non punishable gross ethical misconducts, lack of proper governance are all problems cited as evidence of the decline ethical standards. Respectable business men and women, politicians have to resign disgracefully or imprisons for ethical indiscretions. Ethics in business has now taken a new centre stage in the cor porate world as Global businesses are now working closely together to establish standards of acceptable behavior. The benefit of ethics cannot be overemphasize, many organizations who uphold ethics are reaping its benefit such as employee commitment, customer satisfactions, investor loyalty and above all soaring profit. INTRODUCTION It is perceived that a cultural diversity in work place arises from upholding ethical values, which is linked to morals which in it self is linked to performance. One cannot talk about ethics without mentioning values, morals and principles. They are all interlinked and one explains the other. For example, Ethics- a moral principle or set of moral values held by an individual. Morals principles of behavior in accordance with standards of right and wrong. Values moral principles or accepted standards of a person or a group. Principles a standard or rule of personal conduct. Thus Business ethics is a set of moral principles for arriving at a decision within the values of the organization. Ethics is very controversial because of its discretional nature of it makes it open to different interpretations and applications, for this reason it can be manipulated to suit certain situations and many employees and managers have gone unscratched. For example an employee, who produces the best s ales results but continues to be racist after several warnings do you dismiss him and lose your best sales personnel? This situation does not only require honesty and courtesy. As controversial ethics may be, its importance has risen in modern times. So why is ethics so important? They are because, they are very the foundations on which a civilized society is base on and without them civilization may collapse; its purpose in business is to direct employees to abide by a code of conduct that maintains discipline and facilitates public confidence in that business. Ethics ought to be and must be taught, its values cannot be managed; its a personal thing and is about standards. Ethical values translated into management behaviors can make the difference between employee satisfaction and frustration. Making good ethical decisions requires sensitivity to ethical issues and a practiced method for exploring the ethical aspects of a decision and weighing the considerations that should impact on course of action. Having a method for ethical decision making is absolutely essential. It is only by carefully exploring a problem, aided by the insights, intuition and different perspectives, can managers make good ethical choices in pressing needs. Minor moral behavior is usually an outcome of a decision process Moral and ethical behaviors are used interchangeably; this is because ethical behaviors are usually base on morals. Morality is usually used to refer to a code of conduct put forward by any actual group. Ethical behavior is acting in ways that is consistent with one personal values and the commonly held values of the organization and society Naran (1992) .Aristotles view of some of the key elements of a moral character includes Courage, which allows managers to assume reasonable risks when in dilemma, its demonstrate initiative but are not foolhardy. Temperance, which allows managers to channel their drives and ambitions in creative ways without being excessive. Justice, which is associated with trying to find a balance between competing forces, and which is essential in balancing stakeholders claims in addition to honesty, integrity etc. Managers are perceived to be morally upright whose responsibility is to make decisions that seek common good. Even though they are perceived this way, yet they have a choice to follow either their own values or the company values enshrine in CSR, which according to Institute of Business Ethics is the core values and codes of ethical behaviors that underpin everything that the business does and how a company chooses to interact with its global and local communities in the light of its values and ethics. It is also the area where the agency problem arises (i.e. the conflict of interest between managers and owners, where managers could forgo the interest of shareholders and work in their own self fish interest). For example Enrons Kenneth Lay had the choice between honoring shareholders or himself and he chose the latter over the former. Albert Carr in 1968 referred a decision maker as game player who cannot be trusted to accommodate all stakeholders in his decision. Because a business should not seek to satisfy goals other than seeking profit by legal and acceptable means Friedman (1790). What is acceptable means is where ethical behaviors are traded off. For instance, will a shareholder prefer to have more profit unethically? Are they just interested in returns which most of them do or seek the good for all? E.g. Cadbury was taken over by Kraft, the shareholder knew there would be jobs losses yet because of returns, they went ahead, were they seeking good for many or themselves?). Both Carr and Friedman appear to support aggressive profit chasing style of management but differ in the approaches. Carr is of the view that, the morality of the poker player is what counts which means that, the morality of the company should be burnt to favor that game player. But the question is how moral can a manger be trusted to be? WorldComs Bernie Ebbers was trusted for that, occupying a reputable position in a reputable company but what did he do? This is where Friedman assert ion that profit should be chased within the parameters of decency and legality is of great value in business ethics, which is the application of ethical values to business behavior and applies to any and all aspects of business conduct, from boardroom strategies to treatment of suppliers to sales techniques and accounting practices. Ethics goes beyond the legal requirements for a company and is, therefore, discretionary. Business ethics applies to the conduct of individuals and to the conduct of the organization as a whole. It is about how a company does its business, how it behaves intrinsically. Most companies seek to do business ethically in order to make profit but an ethical business, on the other hand has a much broader agenda and focuses on making a positive contribution to the community. For example a mainstream bank may take ethics seriously by taking responsibility for its negative impacts on society and the environment and seeking to minimize those impacts. An ethical ban k, such as The Co-operative Bank, states that it seeks to make the world a better place by taking a different approach to banking. In the case of this type of business, ethics becomes at least as high a priority as profitability. Decision makers are constantly tested with a host of ethical issues such as bribery, conflicts of interest environmental protection, fairness, fraud, honesty in research and testing, public safety, utilitarianism etc. BAE systems recently pleaded guilty to bribery allegations. Where was their ethical code? It appears to suggest that, these companies have persuasive ethical codes but fall short of reflecting on their day to day activities and a deterrent to such unethical practices. The lack of legal enforcement of these ethical codes is belittling its impacts. Let consider the words of Kenneth Lay July 1 2000 As officers and Enron Corp, its subsidiaries, and its affiliated companies, we are responsible for conducting the business affairs of the companies in accordance with all applicable laws and in a moral and honest mannerWe want to be proud of Enron and to know that it enjoys a reputation for fairness and honesty and that it is respected. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Compliance with the law and ethical standards are conditions of employment and violations will result in disciplinary action, which may include terminationin addition to responding to the Act, we are adopting this Policy Statement to avoid even the appearance of improper conduct on the part of anyone employed by or associated with the CompanyWe have all worked hard over the years to establish our reputation for integrity and ethical conductà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ We cannot afford to have it damaged. Those were the words of Kenneth Lay yet he damaged and collapsed Enron and never obeyed any single word from the code of ethics he wrote. Ethical codes are increasingly becoming a norm for businesses and will soon become a white elephant except some actions be taken to address its lack of enfor cement and proper oversight. The absence of punishment essentially provides an opportunity for unethical behaviors. Managers may not be taught to have good morals but can be force to follow ethical codes. Corporate governance was created as a accountability, oversight and control with accountability referring to how closely the workplace decisions are aligned with the firms stated strategic direction and its compliance with ethical and legal considerations and oversight as a check and balances that limit an employees and managers opportunities to deviate from policies and strategies that prevent unethical and illegal activities and control to take charge of auditing and improvement. This was a brilliant idea with the board of directors as the officers in charge. These board of directors who have legal responsibility for the firms resources and decisions, appoint executives and assume fiduciary duties have used such positions to enrich themselves according to Ferrell, (2005) most boa rd of directors meet irregularly and spent less time to take the most complex decisions but spend more time in executive compensations. Most respondents in his survey agree that directors compensations are too. Unfortunately the people or the bodies who suppose to regulate, stress and point out unethical issues have become accomplices. For example Former head of Royal Bank of Scotland was accused of a host of wrong doings when he never acted alone. And most of his decisions were approved by the board of directors. As if that was not enough his successor defended feverishly the roar of the bonuses has brought huge debate in the public including a parliamentary committee. Arthur Andersen supposes to haven been the Accountants Accountant (Auditors) who suppose to have been the eyes for Enron and WorldCom shareholders, but what did they do? Were they honest and fair? Did they protect the shareholders and investors? Were they not partners in crime to immoral Kenneth lay and his allies to defraud the general public? So who can the public trust on ethical issues and utilitarianism, the very people who suppose to know better are worse off. To sum up: Ethics is not the same as feelings. But good morals triggers intuition which needs to be trusted sometimes in complex decisions making which help to steer moral compass. Ethics is not religion. Many people are not religious, but ethics applies to everyone. Most religions do advocate high ethical standards but sometimes do not address all the types of problems we face. Yet where ethics are tied to religious belief there has been less misconduct. Ethics is not following the law. A good system of law does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate from what is ethical. Law can become ethically corrupt, as some totalitarian regimes have made it. Law can be a function of power alone and designed to serve the interests of narrow groups. But if only ethics can be enforced most of the corrupt practices shall reduce. Ethics is not following culturally accepted norms but where ethics becomes a way of life there has been much result. A decision is usually a choice among alternatives (McManus, 2009). It is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. It is a cognitive process which consists of finding the best option from a feasible set. Many decision making processes, in the real world, take place in an environment of uncertainty in which managers some time rely on probabilities and gut feeling(intuition) beside rational to make decisions. Thus every decision involves certain amount of risk. Where there is no uncertainty, there is no risk and where there is certainty there is no decisions to be made. There are different types and levels of decisions with different input and outcome but whatever the decision might be the processes are the same though it differs in substance and in content. For example strategic decisions are long term heuristic control from board and top management is usually associated with high risk because of the uncertain future. Tactical decisions, medium term and qualitative with moderate risk for middle and functional management and operational which is short term, day to day quantitative activities with l ow risk for lower management. These levels and types of decisions usually involve 6 main steps from identification of a need or problem which involves defining the underlying problem to be solved with clearly stated desired outcome or the goal, to developing alternatives which is exploring other ways or possible solution to achieve the stated goal, to evaluating alternative which is analyzing each alternative and its includes comparing alternative, weighting, rating and ranking alternatives to find out the best feasible option then selection which could be more than one option, to implementation which is a very crucial step because all the people involved in the implementation of a solution should know about the implications of making the decisions are, this is very essential to successful results and then monitoring which is watching over to make sure it reaches the goal. But there are various obstacles to good decisions, because the manager has to rely on others to input, it can s low decisions down or tilt it wrongly such as lack of information and the too much of it, lack of technical expertise, lack of constructive criticisms, noncommittal, over confidence, prejudgment, reliance of past experience, supply of wrong information, dominance individuals etc. In all of these processes managers are expected to behave in a certain way (ethically). Because a company cannot be a moral agent but they are however held to the same standard as individuals, a manager personal morality should not be separated from business morality. As the impact of a companys actions on society requires them to consider the whole social system in making a decision, as business doesnt operate in a vacuum. Whether a decision is reach base on rational or probability, the intuition (gut feeling) factor will always have the final say. Most managers make decisions that reflect on their persona, thus a morally corrupt mangers like WorldComs Bernie Ebbers, Adelphias John Rigas, Tycos Dennis Kozl owski, Livedoors Takafumi Horie, Samsung Group Lee Kun-hee, Daewoos Kim Woo-chaas etc made decisions that reflected on their morality. Ethical managers often back down on a decision when it doesnt feel right. Thus indeed a decision process is an outcome of moral behavior. A business situation occurs with a variety of threats and opportunities to goals and success Every problem or a need creates business opportunity with it associated risk. Managers ought to be sensitive to the dynamics of business environment with its rapid technological changes. Managers always scan their environment to spot opportunities, situations that they can take advantage of. They explore new ways of doing things, look to keep competitors at arms length, try to strengthen their competitive advantage and increase market share. They monitor their position and their products in the market place and also take advantage of a new market. Sometimes they diversify their portfolio to take a situational advantage. For example virgin airline spotted a business opportunity for space tourism because they saw a need which they thought they could provide. That was a massive ambition with huge risks and rewards, the aim is to provide tourist with an unforgettable experience in space flight, with the objective of provide sightseeing in aerospace. When its succeeds the benefit are very huge but the risk /threat of massive losses could scare them from such an adventure. This is where sound managers are called into action. First series of questions needs to be answered such as, is there a need for space tourism, what is the market size for such segment, who will be our primary targets, do we have the capacity in terms of funding and expertise, then a cost benefit analysis has to be done to ascertains the viability of it, A survey will be carried out as part of the strategies to test the market readiness for such adventure and when the space craft is ready a test flight has to carried out. In all of these, managers have to take a calculated risk not to overexpose the company. The threat of failure, being the first of its kind, safety and accidents issues will be a major concern. The target market would be the very elite the rich class. This could pave way to charging exorbitant prices that may lead to exploitation of such people, as a monopoly in the market. This is where mangers need to be guided by their moral fiber, to address the safety issues and setting fair prices to avoid exploitation. Opportunities do not come all the time and a proactive manager creates opportunities, but not all opportunities are advantageous. For example every business has its own risk threshold beyond it will be a disaster. There are some risk that can be passed on or diversify others can not be they are called systematic and non systematic risk. Some greedy managers would want to grab every opportunity and loose sight of systematic risk that cannot be mitigated by diversification such risk could collapse businesses. In accessing opportunities both risk takers and risk averse managers needs to take some level of risk (a calculated risk). Most managers access opportunities in light of PEST and SWOT especially if the opportunity is in abroad as these two analysis helps to uncover any hidden threat or risk. Political factors such as the type of government and its stability, the rule of law and levels of bureaucracy and corruption, Tax policy, and trade and tariff controls, environmental and consu mer-protection legislation. Economic factors such as stage of business cycle, economic growth, inflation and interest rates, unemployment , labor supply and cost, levels of disposable income and income distribution, the likely changes in the economic environment Socio-Cultural factors such as population growth rate and age profile, level of education and social mobility, employment patterns, job market freedom and attitudes to work. Technological Environment: Impact of emerging technologies, impact of internet, reduction in communications costs and increased remote working, research and development activity and impact of technology transfer. The effective use of PEST Analysis ensures that the business is aligned positively with the powerful forces of change that are affecting the business world. By taking advantage of change, the company is more likely to be successful than if its activities oppose it. PEST Analysis helps to avoid taking action that is doomed to failure from the outset, for reasons beyond the control of the manager and it also useful when the opportunity is in different country or region. This analysis should be done in conjunction with SWOT analysis STRENGHT WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITIES THREAT By access the internal factors (strength and weakness) such as the capacity expertise, funding etc some of the inherit risk or failure could be avoided before it takes off. Opportunities and threats are external factors such as new market, new product line diversification joint venture and acquisition, and threat such as new competitor, new taxation and tariffs. At the end of such analyses the manager would have all the options available to him to inform good choice or alternative move. But some times manager needs to acts quickly and cannot wait for these analyses, on that ground he must be guided by his expertise and his intuition to take a calculated risk to cease the opportunity if suit fit. A need to decide is recognized and alternatives must be evaluated and selected A need precede a decision. For a quality decision to be made, an unambiguous need must be identifies and recognized in the mind of the decision maker The decision maker has to understand the problem, the need and purpose of the decision, the criteria of the decision, subcriteria and who the stakeholders are. Quality decisions are mostly base on the quality of information available to the manager. Though more information doesnt guarantee better result and sometimes is as bad as little. Not all information is useful therefore; the manager will need to filter out which ones are necessary for the situation at hand. Alternatives must be carefully and objectively evaluated, prioritized, weighed, rated and ranked, their factual consequences explicitly determined and combined according to some predetermined utility function a choice is finally made to maximize utility. Harrison (1987) suggested five components in the decision-making function of comparing and evaluating alternatives: Analysis of the anticipated benefits and costs for each alternative. Estimation of the risk and uncertainties related to the like hood that given alternative will result in an outcome. Make closure on some one alternative i.e. eliminating or, probably some mixture of accessible alternatives Give reason for the choice of given alternative by fixed further on its attributes for attaining the objectives Determine and evaluate the outcomes expected to result from implementing the chosen alternative and where these are not feasible, the decision maker has to use his judgment. This is necessary because it is his responsibility to makes decision to salvage a situation or take advantage of, in all of these he must be guided by his personal values and the ethical code of the company, he will need to maintain his composure and allow his moral compass to guide him. A virtuous behavior usually extends from personal life into his business life. He will need to be sensitive to the environment and all the stakeholders. But sometimes they could be under pressure to take a stance or make a hasty move. For example President Bush went to war in Iraq when the September 11th was so fresh in the minds of Americans. The need to retaliate was so strong and the president was under enormous pressure to act and he acted under false pretence of weapons of mass destruction. Today many Americans wish they had not gone to war. Dialogue, sanctions and international pressure were options that he could have exercise, weighted ranked, instead he used his judgment which is usually base on feeling or an idea .Even though it came to light that the intelligent report on which he based his decisions on was wrong. This is how manger could make a bad decision with wrong information or little. Manager are tested every day with decision, they are being pressured all over because of the changing business environment, they have to think on their feet to make decisions with very little information, sometime they even have to gamble and hope that all goes well. This is where they have to trust their gut feeling to move forward. Time is generally short and at a premium. At this point, it is very easy for alternatives to be offered that require marginal moral behavior. This is when sensitivity to the moral compass is most needed. This is when objectionable moral behaviors can best be exposed and discarded. The right time is very important because businesses do not have much time to wait for a decision which is generally time consuming and uncomfortable and because of limitation in information collection and cumbersome processes, decision makers tends to settle for the first satisfactory solution which may be less than the ideal. Available time to business is determined by the gap between when a decision is to be made and when is actually made business. Between thos period profit can be made as losses. Businesses have strict times table some time and deadline must be met or never. For example, a competitive tender require specific date and time, if management are to make a bid they must meet it or loose the opportunity. Trading on the stock exchange is time bound; prices keep changing in a matter of seconds, a stock broker must make a move at the right time or loose out . Philip Kotler a marking authority believes the right product at the right time in the right place at the right price is very crucial to a successful business. Competitors could take advantage with the slighter delay. Businesses must strike at the right time or risk failure. Time value of money state that, money at the present time is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential earning capacity. Investment decision ought to be made at the right time if good returns are expected How can they adhere to personal and ethical values and their moral compass under these decision pressures? Strategic decisions set the tone for managerial decision making for all functional unit and individuals organization. If the decision making at the top of the organization is unproductive then the choices made at subordinate levels of management will be the similar. Likewise if top managements strategic choices tend to be successful, it permeates positively on choices made in other parts of the organization (Harrison 1987). According to Harrison (1987) argues that values are normative principles by which human beings are influenced by in their choices amongst alternative route of action. Values initiate principally at the level of the individual. It is also true, however, that groups have values, known as norms and organizations have values implied in their goals, objectives and their ethical codes. As a manager, decisions made should reflect the values of the whole organization REFRENCES Harrison E. (1987) the Managerial Decision-Making Process (3rd Edition) McManus J.(2010) Lecture 5, Managerial Decision Modelling, available Naran, F Your Role in Shaping Ethics, Executive Excellence, 9 (1992), 11 12 Ferrell,O.C Houghton Mifflin Company, USA 6th edition Carr A 1968. is business bluffing ethical Harvard Business review Friedman M. 1970 the social responsibility of business is to increase profit N.Y Time magazine John I have run out of time